The Charactertic Coral and Mussels Have in Common

The Charactertic Coral and Mussels Have in Common The term sessile alludes to a living being that is tied down to a substrate and can't move about openly. For instance, a sessile alga that lives on a stone (its substrate). Another model is a barnacle that lives on the base of a boat. Mussels and coral polyps are likewise instances of sessile living beings. Coral is sessile by making its own substrate to develop from. The blue mussel,â on the other hand, connects to a substrate like a dock or a stone by means of its byssal strings. Sessile Stages A few creatures, similar to jellyfish, start their lives as sessile polyps in the beginning periods of advancement before getting portable, while wipes are versatile during their larval stage before they become sessile at maturity.â Because of the way that they dont proceed onward their own, sessile life forms have low metabolic rates and can exist on modest quantities of food. Sessile life forms are known to cluster together which improves reproduction.â Sessile Research Pharmacological scientists are investigating a portion of the intense synthetics that are created by marine sessile spineless creatures. One reason for that the life forms produce the synthetics is to shield themselves from predators because of the way that they are fixed. Another explanation is they may utilize the synthetic compounds is to forestall themselves against malady causing organisms.â â The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef was worked by sessile life forms. The reef comprises of more than 2,900 individual reefs and covers a region of more than 133,000 miles. Its the biggest structure worked by living life forms on the planet!

Accounting Ethics Essay Example For Students

Bookkeeping Ethics Essay While inspecting the impact of open advertising on the calling of bookkeeping it is imperative to see it from three points of view: the customers, the callings, and societys. Furthermore, two key territories that are influenced by advertising must be tended to, these are concerning rivalry, and moral ramifications. Showcasing in broad daylight bookkeeping is staying put in this manner making a contention against its reality would be pointless; be that as it may, so as to accomplish greatest advantage to the firm, the customer, and society progressively rigid rules must be executed at the firm level.The first, and generally self-evident, of the affected regions is rivalry. Inside rivalry a few focuses are talked about. To begin with, the suggestions publicizing has on open bookkeeping the model of impeccable rivalry versus the model of monopolistic rivalry. Furthermore, the connection between firm size and promoting consumptions. Thirdly, the impact of promoting on firm specialization, the ramifications of customer turnover on open bookkeeping practice. Prior to making the correlation, a concise clarification why the two models are picked is all together. Monopolistic rivalry has been decided for the pre-promoting period since it most intently takes after the market structure in an outrageous sense. The components of monopolistic rivalry are as per the following: item separation, the nearness of enormous quantities of dealers, and nonprice rivalry. In spite of the fact that bookkeeping administrations between firms offer next to no administration separation, the nonattendance of publicizing fills in as a substitution since customers are not really mindful that different alternatives are effectively feasible. The post-promoting period is clarified through the model of ideal rivalry for which the capabilities are as per the following: next to no or no administration differentation, numerous dealers, and cost as the main methods for recognizing one firms administration from anothers. In a totally serious market the cost of a specific help is set up exclusively by the cooperation of market request and gracefully. (Thompson p.277) When market interest for bookkeeping administrations builds the subsequent interest moves right making costs increment restoring the market back to balance. Anyway when gracefully increments, such is the hypothetical impact of adding notice to open bookkeeping practice, the flexibly bend moves right making costs fall. The model of monopolistic rivalry is additionally value touchy, anyway just at the firm level. For instance, the CPA firm of XYZ has a set up customer base and uses referrals as its sole methods for development. They increment costs just as their expense of offering the support increments and in this way can keep up their customer base. In this model a delicately downsloping request bend exists (Thompson p. 304) making just intense changes in estimating send their customer base looking for another firm. The outcome is XYZ can keep on developing by rehearsing reasonable evaluating and offering a respectable assistance. Cut rate valuing just barely impacts their customer base in light of the fact that there is little intends to make their evaluating freely known, and just extraordinary, unjustifiable increments sends customers packing.Conversely, in the post-promoting time, XYZ should consistently know about market estimating on the grounds that the interest bend is more extreme and increasingly unpredictable. In this manner the customer base of XYZ isn't steady as in the past model and measures must be taken to keep costs serious with different firms paying little mind to cost deductions. The outcome is the need of an increasingly forceful approach in regards to new customer enrolling and a higher turnover of existing customers. Since the distinctions are set up, the subsequent issues in broad daylight bookkeeping can be talked about. The main zone meriting conversation is the connection between firm size and publicizing consumptions. An examination made of CPA firms in Britain in 1985 stated the most sensational differentiation among publicists and non-promoters was their size. (ODonohoe p.122) The conspicuous explanation behind this irregularity is accessibility of assets. Bigger firms have, at their removal, an a lot bigger benefit level; hence promoting cost is effectively included just imperceptibly influencing main concern. Listening Essay Previously, firms worked generally with longstanding customers and the relationship created. The second significant zone of moral impact is that of uprightness. Rivalry has brought about certain organizations harming the trustworthiness of the calling. This harm has happened for the most part through evaluating rehearses. Two freak rehearses have gotten ordinary in todays advertise. These are beneath cost valuing, and markdown evaluating. Numerous organizations have embraced arrangements of underneath cost valuing as an apparatus of market infiltration, (Formichella p.199) suggestions with respect to the thought processes and respectability of these organizations must be investigated. Is it sensible to accept that a firm would assimilate a misfortune from a commitment, or would an increasingly functional suspicion express that organizations which lowball would look for intends to cut help costs to the detriment of value? It is unimaginable to expect to respond to this inquiry; anyway its unimportant presence makes a harming impact on the respectability, or if nothing else saw uprightness, of the calling. The second evaluating system which is cut-rate valuing incites comparable inquiries. In his editorial Mario Formichella states the accompanying: It is not, at this point bizarre to discover firms ready to take on work at generous limits from standard expense levels. While there might be defenses for performing administrations at decreased rates during off-top periods in exceptional circumstances, for example, for non-benefit foundations or comparable associations, the degree to which this training has developed can't be legitimized on any consistent or expert prem ise. (Formichella p. 81) The abhorrence appeared by Mr. Formichella in the region of cut-rate evaluating shows it as an issue of concern and one which harms trustworthiness. Mr. Formichella proceeds to require the usage of expert principles to forbid activities, for example, this which are harming to the picture and uprightness of the calling. One would need to concur with his announcement; anyway challenges emerge, in the zone of monopolistic action when rules are set up in regards to evaluating techniques over an industry. Sadly the calling must depend on the honesty of individual firms to prepare for this methodology. Accordingly, this is a training prone to proceed, but harming to the calling and those which depend on the announcements made by the calling. The presence of publicizing in broad daylight bookkeeping makes another condition to which firms are as yet adjusting. This new condition is to a great extent the aftereffect of expanded rivalry and a customers which is progressively increasingly main concern situated. So as to contend firms must place more accentuation on promoting and acknowledge it as an expense of working together. The aftereffect of this will be progressively troublesome infiltration and an inexorably predetermined number of little firms in the business. Market pressures additionally are compelling making circumstances where moral issues, for example, freedom and trustworthiness are addressed making it basic that the AICPA make rules from which the developing calling must base itself. In the period of deregulation bookkeeping bounced on the vessel, presently it is getting progressively trendy to re-control, bookkeeping, as a calling must not miss that pontoon, in case they suffocate in the outcome government intercession.

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW - Essay Example Despite the fact that organization has kept up its exhibition in the year 2009 and sold more than 1.7 billion of unit instances of juices, still, the expanding rivalry in the worldwide market is raising worries for the organization. In this report, the examination of the organization will be finished by breaking down its tasks in various world markets. At last, in view of examination, an end and suggestions will be introduced. Coca Cola is offering an assortment of refreshments and beverages worldwide and the results of the organization can be arranged into various gatherings including Energy drinks, Juices, Soft beverages, Sports beverages, Tea and Coffee, Water and others (Coca Cola site, n.d.). It is intriguing to take note of that the soda pops of the organization are being considered as the trademark of Coca Cola in any case, various beverages are mainstream among nearby networks. So as to clarify how Coca Cola is focusing on the nearby districts and networks, I will get a kick out of the chance to cite a model. Appollinaris is one of the item brands of Coca Cola and it goes under â€Å"water drink type†. This mineral water is accessible in three flavors including apple, lemon and ordinary or unflavoured water. In addition, Appollinaris is just accessible in Germany and New Caledonia. Thus, the soda of Coca Cola is accessible in various flavors including Cola, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lemon, Cola Orange, Cola Green Tea, Cola Lime and Cola Raspberry (Coca Cola Website, n.d.). This model shows that Coca Cola isn't seeking after normalized system however it has been presenting items dependent on the requirements of the market where it works. The significant explanation which is presenting extraordinary dangers for the organization is the outer condition and the market changes. The market changes incorporate the administrative changes and financial changes. The statement of purpose of the organization additionally shows that the two long haul targets of

Alcohol Use Disorder In Patients Alcoholic Liver Disease - 5500 Words

Pharmacological And Behavioral Management Of Alcohol Use Disorder In Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease (Research Paper Sample) Content: Pharmacological and behavioral management of alcoholuse disorder in patients with alcoholic liver diseaseGiovanni Addolorato1, Gabriele Angelo Vassallo1, Antonio Mirijello2, Antonio Gasbarrini1 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Rome, Italy 2 Antonio.Please send any correspondence to:Giovanni Addolorato, M.D.Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and HepatologyCatholic University of Rome, Gemelli HospitalLargo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyPhone: +39-06-30154334; Fax: +39-06-35502775e-mail: g.addolorato@rm.unicatt.itAbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is considered as the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world. Alcohol abstinence is the gold standard treatment of alcoholic liver disease, because the medical and surgical interventions have limited rate of success in case when the alcohol consumption continues. Motivational advice, brief intervention and psychosocial support a re essential components for the treatment of AUD patients. The addition of effective pharmacological therapy could be useful in these patients. However, medical recommendations and psychosocial interventions may not be sufficient to achieve and maintain alcohol abstinence. At present baclofen is the only drug tested AUD patients affected by liver cirrhosis, showing both efficacy and safety in these patients. When total alcohol abstinence does not result in a significant improvement of liver function, liver transplantation represents the gold standard treatment for end-stage alcoholic liver disease.Key words: alcohol use disorder, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, end stage alcoholic liver disease, baclofen, metadoxine, anti-craving drugs, and liver transplantation.Abbreviation:AAU: Alcohol addiction unitAC: Alcoholic cirrhosisALD: Alcoholic liver diseaseALT: alanine aminotransferaseAH: Alcoholic hepatitisAST: aspartate aminotransferaseAUD: Alcohol use disordersCDT: Carbohydrate-deficient transferringCBT: Cognitive-behavioral therapyDSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders, 5th revisionEASL: European Association for the Study of the LiverGHB: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acidMCV: Mean Corpuscular VolumeNIAAA: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismESALD: End stage alcoholic liver diseaseEtG: EthylglucuronideGGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)LD: Liver diseaseLT: Liver transplantationMET: Motivational enhancement therapyRCT: Randomized controlled trialTLFB:Time-line follow backIntroduction:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by harmful alcohol intake, compulsive drinking, psychological and physical dependence. In US, the prevalence of AUD in 2012 among adults were 7.2 percent, representing approximately 17 million individuals. In European countries, AUD is the third leading risk factor for disease with increased mortality rate after tobacco use and high blood pressure (WHO2009). In these countries, the prevalence of AUD ranges from 0.1% to 6.6% (Wittchen HU, et al 2005), and the deaths related to AUD are 11.0% and 1.8% for men and women, respectively (Anderson HR et al. 2006). AUD is associated with substantial disability, reduced quality of life (Samokhvalov, AV, et al 2010), accidents and violence (Rehm J, et al 2003). AUD is responsible for over 2.5 million deaths every year in the world (WHO, 2011). It represent the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world (TilgDay, Nature), which accounts for a large portion of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. In 2010, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) caused half a million deaths worldwide, accounting for 50% of all liver disease-related mortality. An additional 80,000 deaths resulted from alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (Rehm J et al 2003.Dugum M et al, 2015). ALD is one of the commonest indications for liver transplantation (LT) in Europe and in North America accounting for 20 to 30% of all transplant indication (Burra et al, 2010Lucey et al, 2014). Although ALD is associated primarily with heavy drinking, continued alcohol consumption even in low doses, after the onset of ALD increases the risk of severe consequences, including death. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop effective treatments for AUD in patients with ALD.Alcohol use disorder and alcoholic liver diseaseAlcohol use disorderAUD is a disease characterized by behavioral-cognitive alterations and multi-organ damage. A strong desire of its intake and difficulties in controlling its consumption, despite of effecting social, working, physical and mental state of patients with Alcohol use disorder (DSM-5).The diagnosis of AUD is based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual for mental disorders 5th edition (DSM-5). According to DSM-5 criteria AUD patients can be classified in three sub-groups of a continuum spectrum of disease: mild, moder ate, and severe according to the symptoms it presents. Alcohol abuse and dependence are now considered two different stage of the same disease (AUD).Alcohol craving was added among diagnostic criteria due to its crucial role in the pathogenesis of AUD (Sinha R et al. 1999). The neurobiology of craving is complex, since several pathways are involved and the exact mechanisms were still not completely understood. These pathways include several neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, opioids, dopamine and serotonin (Addolorato et al, 2005). Patients with AUD can be also classified according to the craving pattern: (a) reward craving  (characterized by dopaminergic/opioidergic deregulation and characteristic personality trait defined by the search of reward); (b) relief craving  (characterized by GABAergic/glutamatergic deregulation, significant reactivity to stress, withdrawal symptoms, and reactive drinking); (c) obsessive craving  characterized by serot oninergic deregulation, personality traits consisting of absence of inhibition, loss of control, compulsive drinking, and alcohol-related damage. (Addolorato et al, 2005).Screening tools and biological markers to detect alcohol use disorder and monitor alcohol consumptionDSM-5 is the main diagnostic criteria for subjects with AUD, the subjects who fulfill at least 2 of the 11 criteria during last 12 month is diagnosed as AUD, its severity is based on the number of criteria met.The Alcohol Use Disorders Inventory Test is another screening tool use in subjects with AUD, consists of a total score of more than 8 which indicates chronic and harmful drinking behavior (Saunders JB et al. 1993).CAGE (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers) questionnaire is also used for AUD screening based on four clinical interview questions in which two positive responses indicate the possible presence of AUD (Ewing JA 1984).Alcohol time-line follow back (TLFB) subjective me thod of daily assessment of alcohol consumption. It gives information about the pattern, intensity and frequency of alcohol drinking. (Sobell LC et al. 1979).Some biological markers can also be used for screening of alcohol consumption in our clinical settings that includes; gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), mean cellular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST/ALT ratio (DeRitis ratio). These biological markers are likely to lose their utility in patients affected by advanced LD.Carbohydrate-deficient transferring (CDT) is another tool used more specifically for heavy alcohol consumption (about 4-5 drinks per days) and it remains elevated for two weeks after consumption. Its disadvantage is that it gives false positive results in patients with LD (Allen JP et al. 2013) (Morin L. et al. 2011). A combination of CDT, GGT, and MCV is better for diagnostic purpose (Golka K. et al. 2004).Ethylglucuronide (EtG) a metabolite of alcohol, has em erged its role in detection of alcohol consumption. It can be measurable in tissue, blood, hair and urine of the subjects in a specific period of time ranging from 4 to 5 days of alcohol consumption. (Allen JP et al. 2013).Alcoholic liver diseaseALD represents the main alcohol-related medical complication [5, 7]. ALD includes a spectrum of alcohol induced liver pathology, ranging from steatosis and alcoholic steatohepatitis leading to progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [7]. Quantity, duration and pattern of drinking behavior play a causal role on the entity of liver damage. A linear correlation between alcohol and liver damage seems to exist, but it remains controversial what amount of daily alcohol consumption may be considered safe. Corrao and colleagues suggested that a daily alcohol consumption 25g is associated to increased risk of liver cirrhosis [22]. In a large population study, Bellentani and colleagues observed a significantly higher prevalence o f liver cirrhosis in those subject consuming 30g/day of alcohol compared to those consuming 30g/day [23]. According to the WHO, in healthy subjects, a consumption of 2 alcohol units/day (1 unit of alco...

The Oppression of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by...

In the yellow wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the oppression of women by men and the scuffle to escape it. Throughout the story she is constantly fighting the battle within her as she notices she always is getting put down as if she were worth nothing to society. She not only speaks for herself but to all women who were treated the same way in the 1800’s. The author uses many literary techniques to portray the servitude, and unfairness from women like imagery and allegory, irony and many others. To begin with, back in the late 1800’s women weren’t necessarily treated equally as men were. They were taught and told that they could not accomplish anything, to give up and surrender themselves to their husbands. It was so corrupt that even their thoughts would be kept to themselves because they were so afraid of their husbands to hear them.QUOTE. In this quote the narrator was ignored and told to stay in bed, regardless o f what she thinks because like I said in this time period their opinions didn’t count. Men were over powered, they were the only gender to attend school and work in jobs. The narrator feels the struggle for all the women of where she lives, she notices that women can do just as much as men but the law permits women from doing anything at besides cooking and cleaning, even to fight to break the chain of control. Women were just tools; this is when the yellow wallpaper comes into play because it also symbolizes the mental

Impact Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay - 1139 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The impact of the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Renaissance on Europe nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jacob Burckhardt best describes the renaissance as the prototype of the modern world, for it was the period between the fourteenth and fifteenth century in Italy, when the base of modern civilisation was formed. It was mainly through the revival of ancient learning that new scientific values first began to overthrow traditional religious beliefs. People started to†¦show more content†¦Each family then tried to be better by building churches and sponsoring great painters such as Raphael and Michelangelo (whom will be later elaborated upon). Even the Pope got in on the competition. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the era bread remained the most widely consumed foodstuff, but even subsistence consumers were beginning to supplement their diets with meat and dairy products. There would be more pork and lamb in the diet of ordinary people than there would be for the next four hundred years. Therefore one can argue that the standard of living was quite higher than before. However the common enemy still remained, that I nature and its diseases. (Kishlansky, Geary, O’Brien; Civ in the west; pg.329-330) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although there were outstanding advances made in the renaissance era, it has to be concluded that the three most important and most developed areas have to the advances made in art, sculpture and painting. Few renaissance artists restricted themselves to one area of artistic expression, and many created works of enduring beauty in more than one medium. Of the many important and gifted artists of the time, only three will be discussed. (Craig, Graham, Kagan, Ozment, Turner; The heritage of world civ; pg.499-500) Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) exhibited theShow MoreRelatedBlack African Of Renaissance Europe : Treatment And Impact2200 Words   |  9 PagesAfricans in Renaissance Europe: Treatment and Impact Perhaps the first people one thinks of on hearing †Renaissance Europe,† is Shakespeare or Michelangelo. Yet those well known figures who have not been lost as the wheel of time grinds forth, and who still have a great impact in the artistic world today should not be considered the only people of importance from the Renaissance. 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Complete Guide to Fundraising Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Complete Guide to Fundraising Management. Answer: Introduction Two chaps is a from scratch safe and bakery originated in New South Wales. It was being founded by a group of friends as a food startup. However, in few years they succeeded in attracting more people with their diverse and tasty food menus and within a small time, they have been able to gain a reputation in their operating area. However, they are still operating as a startup and are having only one store as of now. Thus, in order to extend their market area along with their brand identity, they will have to open more new stores across Australia. Thus, in case, crowd funding will be the most beneficial and suitable option available for them in raising capital for their extension (Mollick, 2014). This is due to the reason that, crowd funding refers to the raising of fund from known and unknown persons in the market in order to gain capital. This concept is more appropriate for the independent business and thus two chaps being an independent business can opt for crowd funding for their business extension. It is therefore two chaps is being selected due to the fact that they one of the most prominent independent business organizations, which is required for the initiation of the concept of crowd funding. Initiation of crowd funding will help this organization in raising the fund more effectively due to the fact that they are startup organization and it is not possible for them to issue IPO in the stock market to generate capital (Belleflamme, Lambert Schwienbacher, 2014). Moreover, due to their positive reputation and goodwill in their existing operating areas, thus it will not be a difficult for them to raise fund from their existing customers. With the help of the crowd funding, two chaps can have enough capital to extend their market beyond New South Wales. SWOT analysis Effective and easy way to raise fund from the market. It is much lesser complex for the organizations to raise fund compared to operating in the stock market. Initiation of crowd funding will help the organization in enhancing their brand value in the market (Wheat et al., 2013). This is due to the reason that, crowd funding will help them to advertise their portfolio in order to attract fund and thus more people will come to know about the brand. Thus, enhancement of the brand value will be gained by the organization. Initiation of crowd funding will help them in creating an impression of ethical organization among their potential customers. This is due to the fact that with the help of the crowd funding, various stakeholders will get involve in donating fund for the organization and thus a cooperative type concept will get emerged. In case of the stock trading, business organization has to pay dividend or return to the creditors. However, in the case of crowd funding, they do not have to pay any return or dividend due to the fact that the fund being raised with the help of crowd funding will be considered as donation. Raising fund with the help of crowd funding will termed the fund being raised as donation. Thus, it will create hindrances in the general business activities of the organization. This is due to the fact that, donation accepted for business operations will create negative impression among the customers. The fund being donated by the stakeholders may have to be returned in case of any unwarranted activities (Weinstein Barden, 2017). This is due to the reason that, those who are donating will have the expectation that the organization will have only the positive outcome, which may not possible to maintain for the organization. In case of the crowd funding, two chaps may have to communicate with the donators in case of any initiation of new business activities. Thus, it will reduce the organizational effectiveness. There is no limit of raising fund from the crowd funding. Thus, the organization will have huge opportunities in attracting more donations. More people are getting attracted towards the crowd funding due to the positive feeling of helping someone to grow. Fund can be raised from any locations and from as many as people. Donators may ask for the money to be returned in future, which will create obstacles for the organization. Donators may interfere in the internal business activities of the organization due to the feeling that they have invested (Valanciene Jegeleviciute, 2013). It is not reliable and continuous. Thus, organization may not have fund from crowd funding at the time of requirement. SWOT analysis tool is being used due to the fact that, it helped to determine the positive and negative side of the concept of crowd funding for the organization (Hollensen, 2015). Thus, with the help of this tool, two chaps can design their policy of crowd funding accordingly. Moreover, this tool also helps in covering all the related stakeholders of the organizations in determining the opportunities and threats. Reference Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T., Schwienbacher, A. (2014). Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd.Journal of business venturing,29(5), 585-609. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study.Journal of business venturing,29(1), 1-16. Valanciene, L., Jegeleviciute, S. (2013). Valuation of crowdfunding: benefits and drawbacks.Economics and Management,18(1), 39-48. Weinstein, S., Barden, P. (2017).The complete guide to fundraising management. John Wiley Sons. Wheat, R. E., Wang, Y., Byrnes, J. E., Ranganathan, J. (2013). Raising money for scientific research through crowdfunding.Trends in ecology evolution,28(2), 71-72.